ABSTRACT
Skin microbiota is associated with various skin diseases. Scalp hair follicles penetrate deeply into the skin, and carry complex microbial communities distinct from those on the skin surface. Local imbalance of microbial communities may impair the skin barrier function, leading to a variety of hair and scalp diseases. This review discusses changes in microbial diversity and colonization by specific microorganisms in various hair diseases, including dandruff, folliculitis decalvans, etc., and provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for various hair and scalp diseases.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To mine the risk sig nals o f iodine contrast media from spontaneous reporting system. METHODS Reporting odds ratio ，proportional reporting ratio ，Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network were used to mine risk signals of 5 iodine contrast media （iopamidol，iohexol，iopromide，ioversol， iodixanol）. RESULTS 1 164（2 446 case times ）adverse drug reaction of iodine contrast media were included ，a total of 14 risk signals involving systems/organs such as respiratory system （3，2，4，3，2 for the above 5 iodine contrast media ）and immune system and 32 specific adverse drug reaction signals including anaphylactic shock ，rash and flushing （11，7，7，3，4 for the above 5 iodine contrast media ）were found in 5 iodine contrast media. CONCLUSIONS The risk signals of 5 iodine contrast media verify that there is a certain correlation between these drugs and above adverse drug reactions. It is suggested that before using iodine contrast media in clinic ，it is necessary to pay attention to whether the patient has a history of tumor and combined medication ，evaluate the patient’s renal function ，and give preventive measures such as hydration in advance. When using iodine contrast media ，it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature ，dose and injection rate. And medical staff need to follow up the patient ’s situation in time after using iodine contrast media to avoiding the impact of delayed adverse reactions.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the preparation methods and quality control of 177Lu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, and conduct preliminary clinical application research. Methods:177Lu-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)- D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (TOC) and 177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-I&T were labeled by manual labeling and automatic labeling, respectively. Factors such as the amount of precursor and nuclide, reaction temperature, pH value, reaction time, labeling yield and specific activity were investigated. Quality control of the products were carried out, such as clarity, pH value, sterility, bacterial endotoxin and stability in vitro. 177Lu-PSMA-I&T was applied to the treatment of prostate cancer patients, and the efficacy was evaluated by SPECT/CT imaging. Paired t test was used to analyze the data. Results:The amount of precursor and nuclide, reaction temperature, pH value and reaction time of the two methods were basically the same, both with high yield and specific activity. The yield of 177Lu-DOTA-TOC automatic labeling was significantly higher than that of manual labeling (99.2±0.4)% vs (95.3±1.5)% ( t=7.17, P<0.001), and the specific activity were (91.6±13.7) vs (89.1±13.2) GBq/μmol. The yield of 177Lu-PSMA-I&T automatic labeling was also significantly higher than that of manual labeling (99.6±0.3)% vs (95.7±1.3)% ( t=8.24, P<0.001), and the specific activity were (96.1±14.3) vs (93.2±13.8) GBq/μmol. The labeled products were colorless clear solution with pH value of 6.5-7.0. The sterility and bacterial endotoxin met the requirements. The radiochemical purity of the labeled products was more than 95% after 48 h, which showed good stability. The clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA-I&T in patients with prostate cancer showed that both primary and metastatic lesions had good uptake. Conclusions:The labeling of 177Lu radiopharmaceuticals is simple and has high yield and stability. The application of automatic labeling can simplify the process, improve the yield and reduce irradiation.
ABSTRACT
Peptides that are composed of dextrorotary (d)-amino acids have gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic class. However, our understanding of the in vivo fate of d-peptides is limited. This highlights the need for whole-body, quantitative tracking of d-peptides to better understand how they interact with the living body. Here, we used mouse models to track the movement of a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-targeting d-dodecapeptide antagonist (DPA) using positron emission tomography (PET). More specifically, we profiled the metabolic routes of [64Cu]DPA and investigated the tumor engagement of [64Cu/68Ga]DPA in mouse models. Our results revealed that intact [64Cu/68Ga]DPA was primarily eliminated by the kidneys and had a notable accumulation in tumors. Moreover, a single dose of [64Cu]DPA effectively delayed tumor growth and improved the survival of mice. Collectively, these results not only deepen our knowledge of the in vivo fate of d-peptides, but also underscore the utility of d-peptides as radiopharmaceuticals.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) leads to thinning of scalp hair and affects 60%~70% of the adult population worldwide. Developing more effective treatments and studying its mechanism are of great significance. Previous clinical studies have revealed that hair growth is stimulated by 650-nm red light. @*Objective@#This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of 650-nm red light on the treatment of AGA by using ex vivo hair follicle culture. @*Methods@#Human hair follicles were obtained from hair transplant patients with AGA. Hair follicles were cultured in Williams E medium and treated with or without 650-nm red light.Real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression level of genes and proteins in hair follicles, respectively. RNA-sequencing analysis was carried out to reveal the distinct gene signatures upon 650 nm treatment. @*Results@#Low-level 650 nm red light promoted the proliferation of human hair follicles in the experimental cultured-tissue model. Consistently, 650 nm red light significantly delayed the transition of hair cycle from anagen to catagen in vitro. RNA-seq analysis and gene clustering for the differentially expressed genes suggests that leukocyte transendothelial migration, metabolism, adherens junction and other biological process maybe involved in stimulation of hair follicles by 650-nm red light treatment. @*Conclusion@#The effect of 650-nm red light on ex vivo hair follicles and the transcriptome set which implicates the role of red light in promoting hair growth and reversing of miniaturization process of AGA were identified.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Some scholars have found that dermal papilla spheroid–derived exosomes could promote the development of hair follicles. However, whether adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have a similar effect on hair growth has not been determined yet. Thus, the purpose of this article was to detect whether ADSC-Exos could promote hair regeneration. @*METHODS@#Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Then, ADSC-Exos were isolated from the ADSCs. Western blotting was used to detect specific exosome markers. The particle size and distribution of the exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight dynamic light scattering. A total of 12 nude mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the ADSC-Exos group and the control group. For the control group, a mixture of freshly isolated dermal cells (DCs) and epidermal cells (ECs) was grafted. For the ADSC-Exos group, a mixture of DCs, ECs, and 50 lg/ml of ADSC-Exos was grafted. Gross evaluation of the hair regeneration was carried out 2–3 weeks after the transplantation, and the graft site was harvested for histology at the third week. @*Results@#The existence of exosomes derived from ADSCs was evidenced by CD63, ALX1, and CD9 expression. Two or three weeks after the grafting, the number of regenerated hairs in the ADSC-Exos group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Histologically, the terminal hairs were remarkable in the ADSC-Exos group, whereas the hair follicles observed in the control group were comparatively immature. The ADSC-Exos group had a higher number of regenerated follicles than the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the skin tissues in the ADSC-Exos group had higher PDGF and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions and lower transforming growth factor beta 1 levels than those in the control group @*CONCLUSION@#Our results indicated that ADSC-Exos could promote in vivo hair follicle regeneration.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Some scholars have found that dermal papilla spheroid–derived exosomes could promote the development of hair follicles. However, whether adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have a similar effect on hair growth has not been determined yet. Thus, the purpose of this article was to detect whether ADSC-Exos could promote hair regeneration. @*METHODS@#Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Then, ADSC-Exos were isolated from the ADSCs. Western blotting was used to detect specific exosome markers. The particle size and distribution of the exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight dynamic light scattering. A total of 12 nude mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the ADSC-Exos group and the control group. For the control group, a mixture of freshly isolated dermal cells (DCs) and epidermal cells (ECs) was grafted. For the ADSC-Exos group, a mixture of DCs, ECs, and 50 lg/ml of ADSC-Exos was grafted. Gross evaluation of the hair regeneration was carried out 2–3 weeks after the transplantation, and the graft site was harvested for histology at the third week. @*Results@#The existence of exosomes derived from ADSCs was evidenced by CD63, ALX1, and CD9 expression. Two or three weeks after the grafting, the number of regenerated hairs in the ADSC-Exos group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Histologically, the terminal hairs were remarkable in the ADSC-Exos group, whereas the hair follicles observed in the control group were comparatively immature. The ADSC-Exos group had a higher number of regenerated follicles than the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the skin tissues in the ADSC-Exos group had higher PDGF and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions and lower transforming growth factor beta 1 levels than those in the control group @*CONCLUSION@#Our results indicated that ADSC-Exos could promote in vivo hair follicle regeneration.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the molecular mechanism of poor response of nucleoside and interferon therapy in some patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and the negative regulatory factor of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in the interferon-signaling pathway. Also, study the clinical relationship between SOCS3 and antiviral efficacy of nucleoside and interferon.@*Methods@#Peripheral blood and matched liver tissue samples from 54 CHB patients who participated in the OSST study were selected. HBsAg was measured at different time points (baseline and weeks 12, 24, 36, and 48) to observe the antiviral efficacy. Meanwhile, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of SOCS3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and matched liver tissues (baseline and 48 weeks). At the end of the 48-week treatment, patients with HBsAg negative or HBeAg seroconversion were defined as response group, and vice versa. Paired t-tests were used to compare normal distribution variables and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the median differences between groups of non-normally distributed variables.@*Results@#After 48 weeks of treatment, serum HBsAg levels in the Peg-IFN group continued to decline (average decrease of 1.14 log10 IU / ml at week 48; P = 0.001 compared with baseline), while the entecavir group remained almost unchanged during treatment (average decrease was 0.05 log10 IU / ml at week 48; compared with baseline P = 0.12). The expression of SOCS3 mRNA (Messenger RNA, mRNA) in peripheral blood and liver tissues of non-responder group was significantly higher than the response group in the course of Peg-IFNα2a treatment. The immunohistochemical results of liver tissue showed that the expression of SOCS3 in the non-responder group was significantly higher than that in the response group at baseline (P = 0.027). After 48 weeks of treatment with Peg-IFNα2a, the expression of SOCS3 in the non-responder group was significantly higher than that in the baseline and response groups (P = 0.003, P = 0.012, respectively).@*Conclusion@#The expression of SOCS3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver tissues of non-responding CHB patients was significantly higher than that of responding CHB patients during interferon and nucleoside antiviral therapy. We speculated that SOCS3 might affect the antiviral efficacy through negative regulation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and partly expose the mechanism of interferon resistance.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of calponin-1 (CNN1) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and its pathogenic role in fibrosis.@*METHODS@#Skin biopsy samples were collected from 19 patients with SSc and 21 healthy subjects. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of and mRNAs in the samples, and the protein expression of CNN1 was detected using immunohistochemistry. In cultured primary human dermal fibroblasts, expression was knocked down RNA interference, and the mRNA expression levels of and the fibrosis-related genes , , , , and were detected using real-time PCR; the proliferation of the cells was assessed using a real-time cell proliferation detection system.@*RESULTS@#Compared with that in samples from normal subjects, the expression of mRNA was significantly increased in the skin tissue of patients with SSc ( < 0.05) with a positive correlation with α-SMA (=0.7219, < 0.0001); the protein expression of CNN1 was also significantly increased in the skin tissue of patients with SSc. In cultured primary skin fibroblasts, the expression of CNN1 mRNA was positively correlated with and mRNA expressions (=0.6547, < 0.05; =0.6438, < 0.05). knockdown in the fibroblasts significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, obviously lowered the expressions of fibrosis-related genes, and reduced the protein expression of collagen.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of is increased in the skin tissues of patients with SSc, and knockdown can reduce the activity of dermal fibroblasts, suggesting the close correlation of CNN1 with fibrosis in SSc.
Subject(s)
Humans , Calcium-Binding Proteins , Cells, Cultured , Fibroblasts , Fibrosis , Microfilament Proteins , Scleroderma, Systemic , SkinABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect differences between row acupuncture at the gaps between phalanges and physical therapy for the dorsal stretch of fingers after cerebral infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven-one cases were randomized into a row acupuncture at the gaps between phalanges group (group A, 37 cases) and a physical therapy group (group B, 34 cases). Body acupuncture was applied in the two groups. Row acupuncture at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd gaps between phalanges was used in the group A, with continuous wave of electroacupuncture. The two electrodes of nerve injury therapeutic apparatus were put in the muscle belly center of extensor digitorum of forearm in the group B. All the treatments were given for 30 min in the two groups, once a day and 10 times as one course. Three courses were required with 3 d at the interval. The dorsal stretch of metacarpophalangeal joints and the muscle force of common extensor of fingers were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those before treatment, the dorsal stretch of metacarpophalangeal joints and the muscle force of common extensor of fingers were improved after treatment in the two groups (all<0.05). There existed better effects in the group A on the dorsal stretch of the forefinger, middle finger and ring finger of metacarpophalangeal joints, as well as the muscle force of common extensor of fingers (all<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Row acupuncture at the gaps between phalanges achieves better effect than physical therapy for the dorsal stretch of fingers after cerebral infarction, based on body acupuncture.</p>
ABSTRACT
Uncontrolled fibrosis of skin and internal organs is the main characteristic of scleroderma, and collagen is a major extracellular matrix protein that deposits in the fibrotic organs. As the chaperone of collagen, heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is closely related with the development of fibrosis. To explore the potential function of HSP47 in the pathogenesis of scleroderma, the clinical, in vivo and in vitro studies were performed. In clinical, the increased mRNA level of HSP47 was observed in the skin fibroblasts and PBMC from scleroderma patients, and the enhanced protein level of HSP47 was also detected in the skin biopsy and plasma of the above patients. Unexpectedly, the enhanced levels of HSP47 were positively correlated with the presence of anti-centromere antibody in scleroderma patients. Moreover, a high expression of HSP47 was found in the skin lesion of BLM-induced scleroderma mouse model. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that HSP47 knockdown could block the intracellular and extracellular collagen over-productions induced by exogenous TGF-β. Therefore, the results in this study provide direct evidence that HSP47 is involved in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. The high expression of HSP47 can be detected in the circulatory system of scleroderma patients, indicating that HSP47 may become a pathological marker to assess the progression of scleroderma, and also explain the systemic fibrosis of scleroderma. Meanwhile, collagen over-expression is blocked by HSP47 knockdown, suggesting the possibility that HSP47 can be a potential therapeutic target for scleroderma.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Biopsy , Blotting, Western , Cells, Cultured , Collagen , Metabolism , Fibroblasts , Metabolism , Fibrosis , HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins , Blood , Genetics , Metabolism , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C3H , NIH 3T3 Cells , Protein Binding , RNA Interference , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Scleroderma, Systemic , Blood , Genetics , Metabolism , Skin , Metabolism , Pathology , Transforming Growth Factor beta , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective The aim of the study was to observe the features of nail fold microcirculation in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and to compare these findings in SSc patients with patients with other connective tissue diseases.Methods Forty patients with SSc and thirty-seven patients with other connective tissue diseases were included in the study and all the patients reported symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon in the hands were also included.Nail fold capillaroscopy (NFC) was performed and the abnormality of nail fold microcirculation between the two groups were compared.The relations between nail fold capillaroscopic findings and clinicolaboratory parameters in SSc patients were analyzed.Statistical analysis were carried out by t-test and Chi-square.Results The loss of capillaries and dilated and giant capillaries and hemorrhage as well as neoangiogenesis were hallmarks of the scleroderma capillary findings,which could be detected by nail fold capillaroscopy.The abnormalities of nail fold microcirculation in SSc patients were more severe and more specific than those in other connective tissue disease patients.The total scores of nail fold capillaroscopy test were obviously higher in SSc patients with lung or esophagus involvement than those patients without these organ involvement,meanwhile,the total scores of nail fold capillaroscopic findiugs were elevated in SSc patients with anti-Scl70 antibody than those with negative group.Conclusion The nail fold capillaries of patients with SSc have specific abnormalities,and nail fold capill-aroscopy could distinguish between SSc and other connective tissue diseases,therefore it could be used as a promising tool for early detection of patients who may have the potential to develop scleroderma and it is also helpful in assessing disease severity.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of intralesional betamethasone versus triamcinolone acetonide acetate in the treatment of active alopecia areata. Methods A total of 160 patients with active alopecia areata were divided into two groups, test group (n = 100) treated with intralesional betamethasone, and control group (n = 60) treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide. Both injections were given once every 3 weeks for 12 consecutive weeks. Results After 12-week treatment, the cure rate, response rate, and total response rate were 60.0%, 32.0% and 92.0% in the test group, respectively, compared to 41.7%, 31.67% and 73.3% in the control group, respectively. A significant increase was observed in the cure rate and response rate in the test group compared with the control group (χ2 = 10.25, 5.06, P < 0.01 and 0.05). During the treatment course, 8 (8%) patients in the test group and 9 (15%) patients in the control group developed localized atrophy of the scalp; 8 (8%) patients in the test group and 3 (5%) patients in the control group developed localized folliculitis; no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the occurrence of adverse reactions (P> 0.05). Conclusion Intralesional use of compound betamethasone injection has a notable therapeutic effect on alopecia areata.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association of HLA class Ⅱ genes and vitiligo in the eastern China Han nationality. Methods Ninety-eight patients with vitiligo and 150 healthy controls were studied for HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 locus alleles by PCR-SSOP typing. Results The frequency of HLA-DQA1*03 increased significantly (Pc = 0.008) and DQA1*05 decreased significantly (Pc = 0.016) in the patients with vitiligo. Conclusions The results suggest that there exists a correlation between HLA class Ⅱ genes and vitiligo, and DQA1*03 allele may be a susceptible gene or have a close linkage with susceptible genes, while DQA1*05 allele may be a protective gene in the eastern China Han nationality.